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Vliv venkovního chovu na organismus koně
Jebáčková, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis deals with the influence of an outdoor breeding on the horse's organism. It examines the topic from several points of view. The beginning of the thesis introduces the development of the horse. Further on it elaborates on the natural behaviour of the animal, which is the key to understand its needs that the outdoor breeding can offer. Later on you will be described the chosen organ systems with its illnesses that are often seen on indoor bred horses, whereas only seen in minimal cases on outdoor bred ones. The different types of stabling are mentioned briefly as well. The particular model of a five year functioning outdoor stabling is described in details. Last but not least there is the description of a grassland, that is crucial for an outdoor breading.
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Vliv pastvy ovcí na travní porosty v Chráněné krajinné oblasti Beskydy
Vančurová, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to assess and evaluate the species composition of grazing stands in two localities. The aim was also to find out what species in the Beskydy protected landscape area (PLA) dominated, how the species composition of the stand changed with altitude, pedological and climatic conditions. As the quality of grassland, diversity indices changed, there were demonstrable differences between sites and affected grass grazing during the year. Phytosociological imagery using projective dominance was used to compare the species composition of the stand and the Zurich-Montpellier system was used to casify plant communities. For the evaluation of the species composition of the foot stands, the calculation of the mean nitrogen number, mean water number, grassland quality, McNaughton's dominance index, Hill's diversity index, Shannon diversity index, Pielou's equivalence index, qualitative similarity index and statistical evaluation were used. The locality Za Kopcem was dominated by Festuca rubra L. and Festuca pratensis Huds., Dactylis glomerata L. and Trifolium repens L. in the locality Hutisko. The species composition was influenced by environmental conditions, which was also proved by the quality of grassland. The locality Za Kopcem balanced the low to medium diversity index, the Hutisko locality reached a medium diversity index. There were statistically significant differences between sites. Extensive grazing has caused an increase in herbs and the optimal pasture load has increased the incidence of lower grasses.
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The importance of dung beetles for the renovation of the cattle pasture sward
JANOVSKÝ, Jindřich
This theses focuses on the importance of coprophagous beetles for dung decomposition and restoration of grass in the cattle pastures. Diversity of coprophagous beetles was measured using special traps in four cattle pastures at the family farm in western Bohemia. The measurement was provided 3 times in May 2014, August 2014 and September 2013 during one-week sampling periods. In total, 444 specimens of 22 species was collected. Caught species belonged to the family Scarabaeidae and Hydrophilidae. The beetles belonged to the functional group, " dwellers ". The greatest influence on the grass restoration have tunneling species. However, these were not caught on pastures. The highest abundance was detected in May with 379 species. In this period, there was significantly higher abundance of small and large non-tunneling kinds and of Hydrophilidae compared to September (P<0.05). Abundance of Scarabaeidae did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between August and September. The greatest significance for the functional decomposition of dung in a pasture can be expected due to a large Aphodius rufipes species which may be present in the feces in a large number at the end of summer.
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Ošetřování pastvin v podhorských oblastech Beskyd
Kadlubiec, Szymon
The majority of the agriculturalrly cultivated ground in Beskydy and Podbeskydí is formed by permanent grasslands, which are located in less favoured areas (LFA), often in high slopes. The aim of this thesis was to describe the grazing development in the Beskydy area, the methods and procedures of grasslands maintenance and also the characteristics of pasture growth and to describe subsidy titles in grassland management in LFA. Grazing is a classic instrument in grassland management. In was spread in Beskydy between in 15th and 16th century by the migration of herders from Romania. Cattle breeding spread between 18th - 19th. Nowadays mostly extensive grazing is implemen-ted in Beskydy. Meadows and pastures in Beskydy have rich flora often protected by law. Restoration or regeneration of vegetation, fertilazing and liming may be applied where it is possible. In spring pastures and meadows are dragging. Harrowing and rol-ling are less frequent.
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Microclimate and energy balance characteristics of the stands with different management
ERBEN, Jiří
The present thesis deals with the microclimate and energy balance indicators of 2 habitats with different types of vegetation (wetland, pasture) during the growing season. Mainly moisture and temperature regime and energy fluxes were monitored in the period of 1.4. to 30.9., 2014. All values were dependent on the type of vegetation, and the type and location of the environment. Microclimate analysis was performed on two locations - in a pasture in the basin of Mlýnský stream and wetland habitat in the basin of Horský stream. Both sites are located on the right bank of the Lipno lake. All the necessary meteorological characteristics were measured using automatic weather stations. Indicators of temperatures and humidity of soil and air, received, and the total amount of reflected sunlight and heat balance characteristics - albedo, Bowen ratio, evaporative fraction and heat flows were evaluated. The biggest differences were monitored at heights, in which was measured. In terms of relative humidity, values most varied at canopy level, where the differences were noticeable. The highest mean relative humidity was measured at height of 0.2 m and 2 m on the wetland. As relative humidity even air temperature is dependent on the height at which it was measured. While the height of 2 m, the values at both sites was almost identical, at the canopy level are differences significant. The average temperature values depend on the season, but the largest amplitude of the temperature reached the sites in June. The surface temperature of the soil at the wetland was almost unchanged, contrary to pasture its course was similar to air temperatures series at the canopy level. The soil temperature at 20 cm was almost the same at both sites. In terms of energy fluxes, it was found that the highest latent heat flux of evaporation was in wetland. Sensible heat flux was higher in the pasture. The flux of heat into the ground is bigger during the morning and evening hours on the wetland, however ground heat flux was higher in the pasture during the day.
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Vliv venkovního chovu na organismus koně
Jebáčková, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis deals with the influence of an outdoor breeding on the horse's organism. It examines the topic from several points of view. The beginning of the thesis introduces the development of the horse. Further on it elaborates on the natural behaviour of the animal, which is the key to understand its needs that the outdoor breeding can offer. Later on you will be described the chosen organ systems with its illnesses that are often seen on indoor bred horses, whereas only seen in minimal cases on outdoor bred ones. The different types of stabling are mentioned briefly as well. The particular model of a five year functioning outdoor stabling is described in details. Last but not least there is the description of a grassland, that is crucial for an outdoor breading.
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Examination of the diversity and digging activity of dung beetles in pasture
ANDĚL, Tomáš
The survey of the diversity of coprophagous beetles (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, and Hydrophilidae families) and their soil activity took place at two sites in a cattle pasture in southern Bohemia (site A: 49°29'31.720"N, 14°23'44.310"E; site B: 49°29'23.257"N, 14°23'35.964"E; 575 m a. s. l.). Baited pitfall traps with fresh cow dung (1.5 l per trap) were used to capture the beetles. During the survey of the diversity of coprophagous beetle community, a total of 29 species of beetles numbering 1,189 specimens were captured from May to September 2013. Of these, the most numerous were the beetles of the genus Aphodius, who made up 79 % of the total number of captured specimens. In terms of biomass, Geotrupes spiniger (Marsham, 1802) was significant, in that it made up 24 % of the total biomass of all of the captured beetles. This species contributes most to the decomposition of dung in the pasture. The family with the least number of specimens was Hydrophilidae. Beetles from this family made up 19 % of total number. Measurement of soil activity took place repeatedly over the course of 3 weeks, always after one-week measurement of diversity. The most numerous species (A. fimetarius, A. rufus and A. fossor) showed a linear dependence of the abundances in soil-activity traps on the abundances in diversity traps from the precedent capture period. A. sticticus was one of the most numerous species during surveys of diversity (10 %). This species, belonging to the dwellers group, was not recorded in soil-activity traps, however. Large tunnellers were represented mainly by G. spiniger in traps, for which the linear dependence was not possible to confirm.
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